Better protected

SMALL CHANGES can make a big difference, especially when it comes to life saving personal protective equipment (PPE) – and many small changes over the course of a decade can amount to a huge number of accidents that have had their effects reduced as wearers have been using the correct, fit-for-purpose PPE. This guide is celebrating its 10^th anniversary, and while I've only been at the helm as editor for half of this time, the industry's many safety campaigns and manufacturers improvements to their products have all culminated in a safer environment and better protected workers. 

Health and Safety Matters magazine carried out our PPE Survey to find out what wearers think of the PPE they use as well as how they find, source and even dispose of their vital protection. We also put our findings to manufacturers and industry figures to get their take on the results.

Let's firstly look at who took part in the survey. Some 40% of respondents are health and safety managers, and of these, over half were from the the industrial and manufacturing side. 22% of responders are health and safety officers and 20% fell among the managing director, engineer and consultancy categories. The rest of responders selected 'other' job title and were a mix of union representative, compliance officers, procurement specialists and owner operators.

Industry wise, the construction sector had the largest representation, with 29% of respondents from this industry. Manufacturing saw 23% and the food & drink industry was 5%. Other sectors are also represented, but make a smaller piece of our research and these include medical, transport, warehousing and educational.

We next wanted to find out what our responders' relationship is with PPE and found that 26% specified PPE, 17% were users and 9% were purchasers. 50% fit into all of these categories.

Performance triumps

Now we have a better picture of the surveyors, we can take a look at what their thoughts and opinions are on the PPE they specify and use. The first question we asked was 'What four considerations are important to you when sourcing PPE?' We asked the individuals to number the fields in order of importance, with 1 being the most important and 4 the least. This then gave each field an overall score, which is converted into a percentage score. The results are as follows:

• Performance to claims 21%
• Female fit 19%
• Functionality 13%
• Through life cost 13%
• Compatibility 12%
• Range 11%
• Comfort 3%

It's great to see that 'performance to claims' is the top answer and has been for at least the last three years. 

Donal Gillespie, director of insights and growth at Unigloves said, “Of course, any PPE must comply with the hazards it is designed to protect against, as required by its certification. Performance is critical, covering many measures, including grip, flexibility, dexterity, and the levels of chemical, cut and electrical resistance, so it’s no surprise that performance is at the top of the PPE selection process list.

“As a member of the BSIF, Unigloves demonstrates a strong commitment to safety and ethical trading, which aligns with the most important consideration being Performance to claimed standards.”

We added 'Female Fit' in to this question this year as many used their 'other' box to mention this in previous years…. so it is not surprising that this new category has slotted straight into second position. 

Jonas Andersson, workwear sales associate at GORE-TEX Professional said, “Historically the design and fit of PPE for female workers has been somewhat overlooked due perhaps in some part to the smaller percentage of females compared to males working within high-risk industries. Thankfully, intelligently designed PPE for female workers has improved, however, there is still room for improvement when it comes to the wide scale availability of female workwear.  Nowadays manufacturers totally understand that women’s workwear is not just about aesthetics but fundamentally about anatomical tailoring to ensure the correct fit, comfort, and protection.”

Safety first

Clair Weston, marketing manger at uvex commented, “At uvex, we believe that PPE is more than just a regulatory requirement; it’s a vital component of a safe and productive workplace.

“Recognising that every individual is unique, we offer a wide range of sizes and styles, and our fit clinics help employees find the perfect PPE for their needs. Comfort and ease of use are paramount, so we prioritise ergonomic designs and breathable materials that support natural movement to maximise comfort and minimise fatigue. .

“Beyond product excellence, uvex is dedicated to ethical sourcing and sustainable business practices. We believe in operating responsibly and minimising our footprint on the planet.”

For the question above, there was also an 'other' field and this was particularly quiet this year, possibly as we added 'female fit'. One surveyor did mention 'consistency of supply', which is a valid and important point, but might fall into our next question a little better. This question was 'what do you look for from your supplier?' and the results are as follows:

• Quality products 20%
• Availability 16%
• Registered Safety Supplier Scheme Member 15%
• Ethically concerned 15%
• Capable/Well informed staff 15%

Delivery issues

Price and delivery times were mentioned in the 'other' field a few times. It is great to see the Registered Safety Supplier (RSS) Scheme in joint third position – however, I do feel this deserves a  higher rank, and Simon Beaumont divisional managing director for national accounts at Tower Supplies agrees. He said, “There were eight answers to this question, but only one covers all the others: Being a BSIF Registered Safety Supplier Scheme (RSSS) Member. This is because RSSS members have already declared that they distribute quality products and have BSIF trained and capable staff committed to being ethical.”

Quality products

For those who aren't aware of this scheme, the British Safety Industry Federation (BSIF) created the Registered Safety Supplier (RSS) scheme and companies displaying the scheme’s logo have signed a binding declaration that the safety equipment they offer meets the appropriate standards, fully complies with the PPE regulations and is appropriately CE marked. By using a RSS scheme member you can be sure you are being supplied with genuine, appropriately approved products.

Ian Kelsall, technical specialist of respiratory protection equipment (RPE) at Draeger Safety said, “We are pleased to see that health and safety managers prioritise sourcing and purchasing good quality products that comply with the relevant standards, so that they can be confident that they are protecting workers from the hazards they face, and that the equipment is therefore ‘appropriate’.”

Clair Weston commented, “The results of the PPE magazine poll are telling. Quality products and availability remain paramount, but we're encouraged to see a growing emphasis on informed decision-making, ethical practices, and supplier credentials like BSIF RSSS membership. This reflects a welcome shift in the PPE market.

“For too long, PPE has been treated as a commodity, often selected based on price rather than performance or suitability. This approach can have serious consequences for worker safety. At uvex, we believe PPE is a critical component of a comprehensive safety strategy. That's why we're committed to educating and empowering our customers to make informed choices.

“Our goal is to equip distributors and end-users with the knowledge needed to select the right PPE for the right job, every time.”

Donald Gillespie added, “In today’s competitive environment, it is comforting to find ‘quality products’ as the top answer, the same as last year. It’s also reassuring to see the Registered Safety Supplier Scheme Memberships score joint third, as this demonstrates trust in their credibility.”

Sourcing issues

Our next question called for respondents to cite their obstacles when sourcing PPE. There were no surprising answers here and in the same manor as last year's survey, the most frequently mentioned issue was availability, closely followed by cost and delivery times. Lack of technical support and compatibility were also mentioned a fair bit. Here are some of obstacles faced by some of the individuals who took part.

A health and safety manager cited 'Not sure what PPE is always right for the job, especially when new pieces come to market,' while another with the same job role said, 'Acceptability by work force' was a factor.

One health and safety officer said their obstacles are, 'Sustainability, environmental friendly and vegan options', while another had an issue of buy-in from senior management - 'Introducing a new piece of PPE is almost always met with questions about the cost and whether it is necessary.

'Availability and costs - supplier to supplier, PPE prices can vary wildly for the same item or items that are nearly identical.'

'Suitability for differently-abled persons - physical handicaps among some of the staff make it difficult to find appropriate PPE for them. Dexterity is often the biggest issue with this one.'

But suppliers are listening to their customers are coming up with solutions. Tower Supplies is one of them and Simon Beaumont said, “Looking at the results, availability is the biggest concern for businesses sourcing PPE. This is because if people do not have their PPE, they cannot work, and that affects business.”

We moved on to ask 'What could your PPE supplier be doing to make the procurement process smoother?' To summarise responses, you want greater availability, simpler ordering with records for repeat orders as well as staff who can explain the needs for the PPE they are selling. Many also feel that having product trials could better help them with sizing issues and some suggested site visits, with one requesting, 'visit our sites and put together a small option list of compliant PPE that would be suitable for our needs and within an agreed price range. This list could be given to staff to choose from.'

Inclusive PPE

56% of our survey believe there is enough of a selection of inclusive PPE available, but let's take a look at some of the comments of the progress you would like to see when it comes to inclusive PPE.

An OHS director said, 'Ultimately inclusive PPE is a safety and workers rights issue. All too often, safety kit is designed with men in mind. Women doing jobs that require protective equipment often complain that nothing fits properly.'

A health and safety office in the construction industry added, 'I hear from colleagues that small sizes are difficult to find and female fit are also a problem in sourcing. One size fits all is not always a solution...'

Our next section moved on to training and we asked 'Do you train staff using PPE and if so how?'. 56% either do not train or indicated it was not applicable. Hopefully, if they do not train it is because that respondent is not responsible for training. 

Training matters

Commenting on this, Simon Beaumont said, “How can PPE be the last line of defence if it is not used properly? Yet two fifths of respondents said they did not train their staff on using PPE. This is exactly why I have always believed that a good supplier of PPE must be able to provide training support as well as distribute it. Not only training on how to use it, but how to properly maintain and store PPE so that it remains effective throughout its life. That includes fit testing services and compatibility training with other PPE, as well as reiterating the instructions for use provided with the PPE giving practical advice to implement in the workplace as routine.”

Just to be clear, the Health & Safety Executive (HSE) states that, 'If PPE is required, employers must ensure workers have sufficient information, instruction and training on the use of PPE.' So, let's take a look at how those who selected yes go about their training.

Toolbox Talks came out as a popular option and many said their induction process includes PPE use, cleaning and maintenance. It is pleasing that many have regular training days, which include updates on PPE usage and some of these are held in-house, while others have external companies in to hold their training. There were also plenty of comments that training for respiratory protective equipment (RPE) was taking place, and the results of my next question corresponds to this.

If you use or supply RPE, do you understand the need for face fitting?, was my next question. Pleasingly, 93% of those who took part in the survey said yes. This is up from last year, which saw 90%, whereas in 2022 only 71% understood the need for face fitting.

Face fitting 

Ian Kelsall commented, “In terms of a full RPE management programme, it’s encouraging to see that most recognise the requirement for face fit testing, but it’s alarming that many do not recognise the need for training, as teaching, particularly in relation to RPE, instructs the wearers how to use, store and maintain their equipment and this is an essential part of any RPE programme. Written or digital instructions are required as a minimum within European Standards, but adequate training is vital to ensure that RPE is effective in protecting those working in hazardous environments. We recommend working with recognised Suppliers and Manufacturers to access a wide range of training that is available to users.”

The next part of our survey moved on to innovation, and we asked 'Where do you see the most innovation taking place in PPE?' We asked responders to pick one, and the results are as follows:

• RPE 25%
• Gloves 22%
• Ear protection 18%
• Safety footwear 18%
• Protective clothing 17%

As you can see, RPE is leading the way, and given the leaps and bounds this has come along – largely driven by covid – but also driven the fashion of facial hair driving advances in powered air purifying respirators (PAPR), I agree that there will still be much development to come in this area.

Oli Willson, footwear sales associate at GORE-TEX Professional said, “It is reassuring that across the entire PPE industry that the high-octane pace of scientific innovation continues to drive forward new products, higher protection levels and set new safety standards within PPE.”

He added, “Certainly within the footwear sector Gore has been driving innovation and looking at alternatives to traditional components, manufacturing techniques and design all with careful consideration to environmental stewardship.

“Innovation is key to ensuring footwear can offer durable performance, comfort, and safety whilst at the same time improve the environmental impact of new products.”

We wanted to find out where you go to find information on PPE, and the results are:

• Manufacturer/distributor/supplier of your PPE 38%
• Industry magazines and their websites 21%
• Webinars 17%
• Membership associations 13%
• BSIF 12%

Donald Gillespie said, “38% of respondents said they would go to a manufacturer, distributor or supplier for information on PPE. At Unigloves, our experienced and knowledgeable customer service team is happy to provide customers with the necessary information. We field all types of enquiries, varying from product scores and performance to where to buy.”

It is great to see many of so many of you using magazines and webinars to stay up to date, and we at Health and Safety Matters see strong demand for our publication and all of the webinars that you join. It is worth pointing out that we get our information from suppliers and membership organisations, such as the BSIF, and with their expert knowledge we are able to help you get the information you need.

Over half of respondents (56%) do not feel there are any areas in PPE where they think standards and legislation could be improved. Some of the comments of those that do see a gap, included a health and safety manager who wanted to see a “Requirement for PPE/RPE sellers to have a licence to sell PPE/RPE.”  This individual also wants “To remove ad-hoc suppliers, importers and corner shops that don't understand the significant risks that wrong or poor PPE can lead to. Require companies that sell PPE to have a trained person available to advise users.”

A health and safety officer in social care commented, 'Government understanding and ethics surrounding PPE is very poor - see recent Covid-19 PPE scandal. Seen as money making opportunity, not life/health saving opportunity.'

Inclusivity came up here too. One wrote, 'It's very difficult to find PPE to support people with non-standard issues, such as disfigured faces, missing or fused fingers.'

Another thinks you should only be allowed to purchase CE or UKCA marked PPE. They said that staff sometimes order their own from online retailers which is not to specification. 

We actually had a question to find out if responders knew what the UKCA mark is and when it is used in the context of PPE. 81% said yes, which is up from 76% last year.

Sustainability

We found that 25% of you are seeing green claims for PPE, and only 19% of these challenge the veracity of these claims. These are being challenged by asking the supplier to support their claims. Some are using the claims as part of their selection process and are either contacting manufacturers or having discussions at health and safety exhibitions.

On this, Jonas Andersson commented, “Only a quarter of the survey respondents stated that they had noticed green claims for PPE. Working in the garment side of the workwear industry for many years now, I would have assumed this percentage would have been higher. When talking with manufacturers and end users a significant amount in the industry do ask about environmental impact, durability, life cycle assessments and production emission levels. As a science-based company, Gore can back up any green claims or accreditations we make with firm and credible scientific testing and data.”  

“What is interesting is that of the quarter who responded that they have been seeing green claims that 81% stated they would not challenge the veracity of these claims. I think this demonstrates trust – industry wide - when suppliers and manufacturers are working hard to make improvements and can back up claims with sound scientific data from internal and external testing.”

There is still an issue surrounding the recycling of PPE at the end of its life, and we asked what you do with yours. A lot of used PPE is going straight in the bin as there isn't another option for them in their line of work, although some are not happy about this and are going to look into recycling options.

Some used PPE is going back to the supplier and others are using inventive ways to reuse – one in particular has hard hat planters.

One said, 'End-of-life PPE is disposed of with our general waste unless it is heavily contaminated. In that case, specialist disposal services are required.'

And this came up prominently amongst those of you who think that sustainability will drive trends going forwards. Another said, 'It should and must. More bio plastics, less packaging, less waste.' Less single use items will become available, hoped some. 

Although many were unsure if it would drive trends, one felt 'it shouldn't – safety comes before sustainability,' if it does then it 'should not lead to compromises,' and 'I fear that quality may deteriorate with the introduction of some sustainable materials. EG Synthetic shoes do not have the same qualities as real leather,' were some of the replies.

User instructions 

Some 67% of our survey takers still believe written user instructions are needed with every piece of PPE. Let's take a look at some of the reasons for yes. As one points out, 'some people just don't have common sense.'

'Even the most basic pieces of PPE could be used incorrectly - instructions should include an explanation of the ratings of the equipment! It could be that the next user is 18 and this is their first job and first piece of PPE ever worn and they have no clue - gives them something to refer to for reassurance, even with training given by the employer.' 

So the majority want easily read and understood instructions with diagrams explaining the use. QR codes linked to videos could also be helpful.

When asked if they would welcome digital instructions, 79% said they would – and in today's digital world, we are never far from the technology to check these instructions.

Alan Murray, CEO of BSIF viewed the results of our survey and commented, “Once again the HSM PPE Insights Survey produced a fascinating read, with a very large number of responses from a wide range of industry sectors. The quality of response and feedback was exceptional, thoughtful and illuminating. Considered responses on all aspects of PPE came from those who wear, purchase, specify and advise on its use. 

“Of note from my point of view, was the number of people who challenged fit and performance to claims, as well as highlighting the need for “availability” in a general sense. It is crystal clear that for PPE to function properly and for users to be kept safe it must fit the wearer and perform to claims. This is about quality products that are adequate for the hazard and suitable for wearer. I can assure readers that this PPE exists and is available and it stresses the need for those who specify PPE to involve wearers in selection.

“It is also apparent that PPE needs to be inclusive and many responders appeared frustrated about gender-fit specifically PPE available for women. I would point out that there are PPE suppliers who cater very well for women and that brings into sharp focus the need for supplier selection to recognise that service. I would also like to make readers aware that there is currently work underway with BSI on the creation of a new British Standard on “Procurement and Provision of Inclusive PPE”.

“Responses to questions on supplier selection saw a demand for competency, quality and availability. This is clearly linked to the desire to get the right PPE from the right supplier. This is re-enforced as most people when asked where they go to for advice on PPE answered, the supplier (manufacturer/distributor). Many answered too that they would contact BSIF, which is encouraging as BSIF would be able to provide independent, unbiased advice. Of note was the understanding that a Registered Safety Supplier is a recognition of competency and capability.

“I would highlight that there was also a worrying response to the question on PPE training where a significant number of responders said that training was not provided. Training is a “regulatory” requirement and should always be provided so that users of PPE are protected and indeed understand the inherent limitations of the PPE they are wearing. Related to training there was a question on “understanding the need for fit testing”. This was overwhelmingly answered in a positive sense but alarmingly a small number still appear not to understand why RPE should fit!

“80% of responders would welcome manufacturers PPE user instructions in a digital format which is encouraging as we move forward, but some still appear to want paper instructions with all PPE. One wonders if that is linked to those that were concerned about lack of training. 

“There were encouraging statistics on those that recycle (where possible) their PPE and there was a high recognition of “green claims” though a low number appear to challenge the basis of the claims.

“Much will change in the coming years and much work is underway in the PPE market with proper fit for a changing workforce and sustainability being high on the agenda.”

So, that concludes our 2024/25 PPE Survey, which has become a staple for this guide. It is always interesting to see hear the views of the people the PPE is actually protecting. Knowledge gaps can be a disaster when it comes to using the correct fit-for-purpose PPE, after all, as someone's last line of defence it can minimise injuries in the event of an accident and can also be life-saving.

Education and training plays a key role in ensuring workers wear the PPE they are supposed to, but we still have a long way to go. The consequences of not having this protection could mean a life-changing injury, preventable illness or fatality.  So let's boost that training and educate all to ensure everyone returns from work safe and healthy.

Kelly Rose is editor of Health & Safety Matters magazine. For more information, visit www.hsmsearch.com